Oceanologia No. 55 (3) / 13
Contents
Invited paper
Papers
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Activation of the operational ecohydrodynamic model (3D CEMBS) - the hydrodynamic part: Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki, Jaromir Jakacki
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Activation of the operational ecohydrodynamic model (3D CEMBS) - the ecosystem module:Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki, Jaromir Jakacki
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Observations of the aerosol particle number concentration in the marine boundary layer over the south-eastern Baltic Sea:
Steigvile Byčenkienė, Vidmantas Ulevicius, Nina Prokopčiuk, Dalia Jasinevičienė
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UV absorption reveals mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in Tatra mountain lake phytoplankton: Dariusz Ficek, Jerzy Dera, Bogdan Woźniak
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Vulnerability assessment of southern coastal areas of Iran to sea level rise: evaluation of climate change impact: Hamid Goharnejad, Abolfazl Shamsai, Seyed Abbas Hosseini
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Short-term changes in specific conductivity in Polish coastal lakes (Baltic Sea basin): Roman Cieśliński
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Comparison of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances on the El Arish coast and seaweed vegetation after ten years in 2010, North Sinai, Egypt: Gihan Ahmed El Shoubaky
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Upwelling dynamics in the Baltic Sea studied by a combined SAR/infrared satellite data and circulation model analysis: Evgenia Gurova, Andreas Lehmann, Andrei Ivanov
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Red tides of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans associated with eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara (the Dardanelles, Turkey): Muhammet Turkoglu
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Protozoa in a stressed area of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast of Damietta, Egypt: Mohamed Moussa Dorgham, Wael Salah El-Tohamy, Nagwa Elsayed Abdel Aziz, Ahmed El-Ghobashi, Jian G. Qin
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Biocontamination of the western Vistula Lagoon (south-eastern Baltic Sea, Poland): Izabela Jabłońska-Barna, Agata Rychter, Marek Kruk
Invited paper
Anthropogenic radionuclides 137Cs and 90Sr in the southern Baltic Sea ecosystem
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 485-517
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.485
Tamara Zalewska1,*, Maria Suplińska2
1Institute of Meteorology and Water Management - National Research Institute, Maritime Branch,
Waszyngtona 42, 81-342 Gdynia, Poland;
e-mail: tamara.zalewska@imgw.pl
*corresponding author
2Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection,
Konwaliowa 7, 03-194 Warsaw, Poland
keywords:
137Cs, 90Sr, southern Baltic
Received 4 January 2013, revised 28 May 2013, accepted 4 June 2013.
Abstract
The radioisotopes of caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) make the greatest
contribution to the radioactivity level due to artificial radionuclides in the Baltic
Sea, where the level of 137Cs contamination is higher than in any other
part of the world ocean. The main sources of man-made radionuclides are the Chernobyl
accident in 1986 and the nuclear weapons tests carried out in the 1950s and 1960s.
This study discusses the distribution patterns and trends in activity concentrations
of 137Cs and 90Sr recorded in various compartments of the marine
environment of the southern Baltic Sea. It is based on an investigation of radioactive
substances as part of the Polish National Environmental Monitoring Programme.
In 2010 the average concentration of 137Cs in the southern Baltic was
35 Bq m-3, while the level of 90Sr in these waters has remained at much the same level
in recent years (ca 8 Bq m-3). The distribution of isotopes in the bottom
sediments reflect historical events that can be identified in sediment
profiles. The activity concentrations of the caesium isotope are the highest
in sediments from the Gulf of Gdansk, whereas the least polluted sediments
are found in the Bornholm Basin, in the western part of the southern Baltic.
The highest concentrations of 137Cs in benthic plants were measured in the red alga
Polysiphonia fucoides: 22.3 Bq kg-1 d.w. in June and 40.4 Bq kg-1
in September. These levels were much higher than those found in the bivalve Mytilus trossulus
(7.3 Bq kg-1 d.w.). 137Cs concentrations in fish have decreased in time, reflecting the trends recorded
in seawater. In 2010 the respective 137Cs activities in Clupea harengus, Platichthys flesus
and Gadus morhua were 4.7, 4.9 and 6.6 Bq kg-1 w.w.
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Papers
Activation of the operational ecohydrodynamic model (3D CEMBS) - the hydrodynamic part
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 519-541
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.519
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka*, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki, Jaromir Jakacki
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Powstańców Warszawy 55,81-712 Sopot, Poland;
e-mail: dzierzb@iopan.gda.pl
*corresponding author
keywords:
Baltic Sea, 3D model, hydrodynamic model
Received 16 January 2013, revised 16 April 2013, accepted 5 May 2013.
The study was supported by the Polish State Committee of Scientific Research (grants: N N305 111636, N N306 353239). Partial support was also provided by
the Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment - the SatBałtyk project funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund contract No. POIG 01.01.02-22-011/09.
Abstract
The paper describes the hydrodynamic part of the coupled ice-ocean model that also includes the ecosystem predictive model. The Baltic Sea model is based on
the Community Earth System Model (CESM from NCAR – National Centre for Atmospheric Research). CESM was adopted for the Baltic Sea as a coupled sea-ice model. It consists of the Community Ice CodE (CICE, model version 4.0) and the Parallel Ocean Program (POP, version 2.1). The models are linked
through a coupler (CPL7), which is based on the Model Coupling Toolkit (MCT) library. The current horizontal resolution is about 2 km (1/48 degrees). The ocean model has 21 vertical levels and is forced by atmospheric fields from the European Centre for Medium Weather Forecast (ECMWF). A preliminary validation of the hydrodynamic module with in situ measurements and reanalysis from My Ocean (http://www.myocean.eu) has also been done. In the operational mode, 48-hour atmospheric forecasts provided by the UM model from the Interdisciplinary Centre
for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of Warsaw University (ICM) are used. The variables presented on the website in real time for a 48-hour forecast are temperature, salinity, currents, sea surface height, ice thickness and ice coverage (http://deep.iopan.gda.pl/CEMBaltic/new_lay/index.php). The embedded model of the marine ecosystem, like ice, is not taken into account in this paper.
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2011a,SatBałtyk-ABalticenvironmentalsatelliteremote sensingsystem- an ongoing
projectinPoland.Part1:Assumptions,scope and operating range, Oceanologia, 53 (4), 897-924,
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.53-4.897.
WoźniakB., Bradtke K., DareckiM., DeraJ.,Dudzińska-Nowak J., Dzierzbicka- GłowackaL.,
2011b,SatBałtyk-ABalticenvironmentalsatelliteremote sensing system- an ongoing
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Activation of the operational ecohydrodynamic model (3D CEMBS)- the ecosystem module
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 543-572
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.543
Lidia Dzierzbicka-Głowacka*, Maciej Janecki, Artur Nowicki, Jaromir Jakacki
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Powstańców Warszawy 55,81-712 Sopot, Poland;
e-mail: dzierzb@iopan.gda.pl
*corresponding author
keywords:
Baltic Sea, 3D CEMBS model, ecosystem model, chlorophyll a, phytoplankton, nutrients, zooplankton, oxygen
Received 16 January 2013, revised 16 April 2013, accepted 5 May 2013.
The study was supported by the Polish State Committee of Scientific Research (grants: N N305 111636, N N306 353239). Partial support was also provided by
the Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment - the SatBałtyk project funded by the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund contract No. POIG 01.01.02-22-011/09.
Abstract
The paper describes the ecohydrodynamic predictive model - the ecosystem module - for assessing the state of the Baltic marine environment and the Baltic
ecosystem.
The Baltic Sea model 3D CEMBS (the Coupled Ecosystem Model of the Baltic Sea) is based on the Community Earth System Model, which was adopted for
the Baltic Sea as a coupled sea-ice-ecosystem model. The 3D CEMBS model uses: (i) hydrodynamic equations describing water movement, (ii) thermodynamic
equations, (iii) equations describing the concentration distribution of chemical variables in the sea, and (iv) equations describing the exchange of matter
between individual groups of organisms and their environment that make allowance for the kinetics of biochemical processes.
The ecosystem model consists of 11 main components: three classes of phytoplankton (small phytoplankton, large phytoplankton represented mainly
by diatoms and summer species, mostly cyanobacteria) expressed in units of carbon and chlorophyll a as separate variables, zooplankton, pelagic
detritus, dissolved oxygen and nutrients (nitrate, ammonium, phosphate and silicate). In operational mode, 48-hour atmospheric forecasts provided by the
UM model from the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling of Warsaw University (ICM) are used. All model forecasts are
available on the website http://deep.iopan.gda.pl/CEMBaltic/new_lay/index.php.
The results presented in this paper show that the 3D CEMBS model is operating correctly.
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Głowacka L., 2011a, SatBałtyk - A Baltic environmental satellite remote
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and operating range, Oceanologia, 53 (4), 897-924,
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Woźniak B., Bradtke K., Darecki M., Dera J., Dudzińska-Nowak J., Dzierzbicka-
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Observations of the aerosol particle number concentration in the marine boundary layer over the south-eastern Baltic Sea
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 573-598
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.573
Steigvile Byčenkiene, Vidmantas Ulevicius*, Nina Prokopčiuk, Dalia Jasinevičiene
Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology,
Savanoriu pr. 231, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania;
e-mail: ulevicv@ktl.mii.lt
*corresponding author
keywords:
aerosol number concentration, principal component analysisc, wavelet transform, coastal site, source apportionment
Received 28 January 2013, revised 29 March 2013, accepted 23 April 2013.
This work was partially supported by the Lithuanian-Swiss cooperation
programme ‘Researchand development project AEROLIT’ (No. CH-3-SMM-01/08).
Abstract
Continuous measurements of the aerosol particle number concentration (PNC)
in the size range from 4.5 nm to 2 µm were performed at the Preila marine background site during 2008–2009.
The concentration maxima in summer was twice the average (2650±50 cm-3).
A trajectory-based approach was applied for source identification.Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF)
analysis was performed to estimate the possible contribution of long-range and
local PNC transport to PNC concentrations recorded at the marine background
site. The PSCF results showed that the marine boundary layer was not seriously
affected by long-range transport, but that local transport of air pollution
was recognized as an important factor. North Atlantic and Sea-Marine type
clusters respectively represented 32.1% and 17.9% of the total PNC spectra
and were characterized by the lowest PNCs (1080±1340 and 1210±1040 cm-3 respectively) among all clusters.
Wavelet transformation analysis of 1-h aerosol PNC indicated that while
the 16-h scale was a constant feature of aerosol PNC evolution in spring, the longer (∼60-h) scales
appeared mainly over the whole year (except June). Principal component
analysis (PCA) revealed a strong correlation between PNC and NaCl,
highlighting the influence of sea-salt aerosols. In addition, PCA also showed
that PNC depended on optical and meteorological parameters such as UVR and
temperature.
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UV absorption reveals mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in Tatra mountain lake phytoplankton
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Dariusz Ficek1,*, Jerzy Dera2, Bogdan Woźniak1,2
1Institute of Physics, Pomeranian University in Słupsk,
Arciszewskiego 22B, Słupsk 76-200, Poland;
e-mail: ficek@apsl.edu.pl
*corresponding author
2Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81-712 Sopot, Poland
keywords:
phytoplankton absorption spectra, UV absorption, mycosporine-like amino acids, Tatra mountain lakes
Received 12 March 2013, revised 20 May2013, accepted 24 May 2013.
This paper was carried out within the framework of the SatBałtyk project funded by the European Union through European Regional Development Fund,
(contract No. POIG.01.01.02-22-011/09 entitled ‘The Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment’). Partial support for this study was
also provided by the MNiSW (Ministry of Science and Higher Education) asresearch project N N306 066434
in2008-2011 and also as part of the statutory Research of the Pomeranian University and IO PAN.
Abstract
Enhanced absorption of UV radiation, an effect characteristic of
mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs), is reported in samples of phytoplankton
from six lakes in the Tatra Mountains National Park (Poland). It was
demonstrated that the mass-specific UV absorption coefficients for
the phytoplankton in these lakes increased with altitude above sea level.
Based on a comparison with the phytoplankton of Alpine lakes,
investigated earlier by other authors (cited in this paper), it may
be inferred that the phytoplankton of Tatra mountain lakes produce MAAs,
which protect plant cells from UV light, the intensity of which
increases with altitude.
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Vulnerability assessment of southern coastal areas of Iran to sea level rise: evaluation of climate change impact
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 611-637
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.611
Hamid Goharnejad*, Abolfazl Shamsai, Seyed Abbas Hosseini
Department of Civil Engineering, Science and Research Branch,
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;
e-mail: Hgn1982@gmail.com
e-mail: shamsai@sharif.edu
*corresponding author
keywords:
climate change impacts,sea-level rise, DWNN, DWANFIS
Received 29 January 2013, revised 20 May 2013, accepted 10 June 2013.
Abstract
Recent investigations have demonstrated global sea level rise as being
due to climate change impact. Probable changes in sea level rise need
to be evaluated so that appropriate adaptive strategies can be implemented.
This study evaluates the impact of climate change on sea level rise along
the Iranian south coast. Climatic data simulated by a GCM (General
Circulation Model) named CGCM3 under two-climate change scenarios
A1b and A2 are used to investigate the impact of climate change. Among
the different variables simulated by this model, those of maximum correlation
with sea level changes in the study region and least redundancy among
themselves are selected for predicting sea level rise by using stepwise
regression. Two Discrete Wavelet artificial Neural Network (DWNN)
models and a Discrete Wavelet Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference system
(DWANFIS) are developed to explore the relationship between selected
climatic variables and sea level changes. In these models, wavelets
are used to disaggregate the time series of input and output data into
different components.ANFIS/ANN are then used to relate the disaggregated
components of predictors and predictand (sea level) to each other. The
results show a significant rise in sea level in the study region under
climate change impact, which should be incorporated into coastal area
management.
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Short-term changes in specific conductivity in Polish coastal lakes (Baltic Sea basin)
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 639-661
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.639
Roman Cieśliński
Department of Hydrology, Institute of Geography, University of Gdańsk,
Bażyńskiego 4, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland;
e-mail: georc@univ.gda.pl
*corresponding author
keywords:
specific conductivity, short-term changes, increase, decrease, intrusion
Received 5 November 2012, revised 8 January 2013, accepted 29 April 2013.
Abstract
The paper discusses hourly changes in specific conductivity in two lakes and
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between measurements are designed to help assess the course of seawater intrusions.
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Comparison of the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic disturbances on the El Arish coast and seaweed vegetation after ten years in 2010, North Sinai, Egypt
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 663-685
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.663
Gihan Ahmed El Shoubaky
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University,
Ismailia, Egypt;
e-mail: dr_gehan_elshoubaky@yahoo.com
keywords:
anthropogenic disturbances, climate change, El Arish coast, El Arish Harbour, El Arish Power Plant, erosion, satellite remote sensing, seaweed vegetation
Received 16 January 2013, revised 3 April 2013, accepted 12 April 2013.
Abstract
Human activities on coasts and climate changes during the past ten years have given rise to considerable shoreline changes along the El Arish coast (the northern coast of the Sinai Peninsula). In the El Arish Power Plant, sediment accretion has reached the tip of the breakwater
of the cooling water intake basin, necessitating extensive dredging inside the basin. To the east of El Arish Harbour, the shoreline has been in
continuous retreat. The differences between the year 2000 and 2010 in the shoreline along the El Arish coast were
determined by analysing satellite images from NOAA-AVHRR images. The analyses revealed erosion and accretion
patterns along the coast. The physical parameters showed that the minimum water temperature of 18°C was
recorded at site I in winter and that the maximum was 40°C at site II in summer. The latter temperature can be attributed to the effluent discharge
of cooling water from the El Arish power plant. Spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution and abundance of macroalgae were measured at four sites
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the phytocommunity showed that red and green algae were dominant at the study sites. Significant differences between past and current flora were observed.
39 taxa recorded in 2000 were absent in 2010, while 9 taxa not previously reported were present in 2010. These changes are discussed in the context of
possible global warming effects.
PERMANOVA showed significant changes (p < 0.001) between sites, seasons, species abundance and macroalgal groupsalong the El Arish coast in 2000 and
2010. The similarity matrix showed a significant difference between the flora in 2010 and that recorded in 2000, indicating poor similarity and changes in
species composition among the seasons at the different sites. Most of the algae belonged to the filamentous, coarsely branched and sheet functional form
groups.
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Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 687-707
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.687
Evgenia Gurova1,*, Andreas Lehmann2, Andrei Ivanov3
1Atlantic Branch of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IO RAS),
Pr. Mira 1, 236000 Kaliningrad, Russia;
e-mail: evguruna@gmail.com
*corresponding author
2GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research,
Kiel, Germany;
e-mail: alehmann@geomar.de
3P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology
Moscow, Russia;
e-mail: ivanoff@ocean.ru
keywords:
Baltic Sea, coastal upwelling, MODIS and SAR, images, circulation model
Received 21February 2013, revised 6 May 2013, accepted 11 June 2013.
The Envisat ASAR images used in this study were provided by ESA within
the framework of the Envisat AO project C1P.3424, and C1P.8116.
This work was supported by 1) the Russian Foundation for Basic Research,
grant 12-05-90807 mol_rf_nr, and 2) the Russian Government
(grant No. 11.G34.31.0078) for research under the supervision of leading
scientists at the Russian State Hydrometeorological University.
Abstract
Data from the space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) aboard the
Envisat satellite and MODIS spectroradiometers on board the Terra/Aqua
satellites, and the high resolution Sea Ice-Ocean Model of the Baltic Sea
(BSIOM) have been used to investigate two upwelling events in the SE Baltic
Sea. The combined analysis was applied to the upwelling events in July 2006
along the coasts of the Baltic States, and in June 2008 along the Polish
coast and Hel Peninsula. Comparisons indicated good agreement between
the sea surface temperatures and roughness signatures detected in satellite
imagery and model results. It is shown that BSIOM can simulate upwelling
events realistically. The utilization of modelled hydrodynamics and
wind stress data together with SAR and SST information provides an extended
analysis and deeper understanding of the upwelling processes in the
Baltic Sea.
During the active phase of upwelling when the wind is strong, the resulting
coastal jet is controlled by vorticity dynamics related to depth variations
in the direction of the flow. Typical upwelling patterns are related
to the meandering coastal jet and thus associated with topographic features.
The longshore transport of the coastal jet is of the order of 104 m3 s-1,
and the offshore transport at the surface is of the order of 103 m3 s-1,
which respectively correspond to the total and largest river runoff to the Baltic Sea.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.709
Muhammet Turkoglu
Marine Biology Section, Fisheries Engineering Department, Marine Sciences and Technology Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University,
Terzioglu Campus 17100 Çanakkale, Turkey;
e-mail: mturkoglu@comu.edu.tr
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Received 16 August 2012, revised 26 November 2012, accepted 4 April 2013.
This study contains the findings of various project such as ‘Turkish Scientific and Technical Research Council (TUBITAK,
YDABAG,Project No: 101Y081)’ and Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Scientific Research Projects (COMU, BAP, Project No:
2000//22)’. This study was presented as an oral presentation at a Workshop on Algal and Jellyfish Blooms in the Mediterranean and Black
Sea organized by the General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM) on 6-8 October 2010, Istanbul, Turkey. This study was also published
as an abstract in the List of Documents and Abstracts of the Workshop.
Abstract
This investigation focused on weekly variations in cell density and volume of the dinoflagellate
Noctiluca scintillans between March 2001 and January 2004 in the Dardanelles. March-June and
October-December periods were excessive bloom periods. During the bloom
periods the density of N. scintillans reached 2.20 × 105 cells L-1 with
a volume of 1.32 × 1012 µm3 L-1. In addition to
the high surface density, there was an increase in subsurface waters during
the blooms. The bloom of N. scintillans, like that of diatom and other
dinoflagellate blooms, was associated not only with eutrophication, but also
with stable temperatures and salinities.
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Protozoa in a stressed area of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast of Damietta, Egypt
Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 733-750
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.733
Mohamed Moussa Dorgham1,*, Wael Salah El-Tohamy2, Nagwa Elsayed Abdel Aziz3, Ahmed El-Ghobashi2, Jian G. Qin4
1Department of Oceanography, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University,
Alexandria, 21511, Egypt;
e-mail: mdorgham1947@yahoo.com
*corresponding author
2Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University,
Damietta, Egypt
3National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries,
Alexandria, Egypt
4School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University,
Adelaide SA, Australia
keywords:
environmental conditions, pollution indicators, coastal protozoa, tintinnids, non-tintinnid ciliates
Received 5 July 2012, revised 21 March 2013, accepted 16 April 2013.
Abstract
The Damietta coast is part of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast off the Nile Delta and has recently been polluted as a result of intensive human activities.
The environmental parameters and protozoan community in the area were studied biweekly from January to December 2007. The results of the environmental
parameters indicated low salinity, oxic and anoxic conditions, high nutrient levels and intensive phytoplankton growth. A total of 69 protozoan species
were identified, belonging to Amoebozoa (8 species), Foraminifera (12 species), non-tintinnid ciliates (22 species) and tintinnids (27 species). The numerical density of protozoans was high over the whole area, with annual averages between 8.2 × 103 cells m-3 and 51.4 × 103 cells m-3.
Spring was the most productive season for protozoans, but several distinct peaks were observed during the year at the sampling sites. The protozoan
groups showed clearly different spatial patterns in both composition and abundance: whereas amoebozoans and non-tintinnid ciliates were dominant in the
more polluted areas (sites IV and V), tintinnids dominated in the less polluted areas (sites, I, II and III). Several pollution indicators were
recorded:amoebozoans - Centropyxis aculeata, Centropyxis sp., Cochliopodium sp.,
Difflugia sp.; non-tintinnids - Bursaridium sp., Frontonia atra,
Holophrya sp., Paramecium sp., Paramecium bursaria,
Vasicola ciliata, Vorticella sp., Strombidium sp.; tintinnids
-Favella ehrenbergii, Helicostomella subulata, Leprotintinnus nordgvisti,
Tintinnopsis beroidea, Stenosemella ventricosa, Tintinnopsis campanula,
T. cylindrica, T. lobiancoi, Eutintinnus lusus-undae.
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Oceanologia 2013, 55(3), 751-763
http://dx.doi.org/10.5697/oc.55-3.751
Izabela Jabłońska-Barna1,*, Agata Rychter2, Marek Kruk1
1University of Warmia & Mazury, Faculty of Environmental Sciences,
M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
e-mail: ijpb@uwm.edu.pl
*corresponding author
2The State School of Higher Professional Education in Elbląg, Institute of Technology,
Wojska Polskiego 1, 82-300 Elbląg, Poland
keywords:
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Received 28 January 2013, revised 27 March 2013, accepted 22 May 2013.
This work was supported by Norway grantPNRF82AI.
Abstract
Non-native species exert considerable pressure on aquatic ecosystems;
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bodies in the Baltic, has become a part of the central corridor for hydrobionts migrating in the direction of western
Europe and species expanding in inshore waters.
Ten non-indigenous species of benthic invertebrates from five different biogeographical regions have been found in the
western part of the Lagoon. Their considerable abundance relative to the numbers and abundance of native species
testifies to the high level of biopollution there.
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Vistula Lagoon was 4 andcorresponds to the Lagoon's poor ecological status.
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