Oceanologia No. 40 (2) / 98
Contents
Papers
Communications
Papers
Anomalies in the physical and chemical structure of the
Gdańsk Deep caused by groundwater seepage
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 71–82
Lucyna Falkowska
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Keywords: Seepage, Convection, Gdańsk Deep, Nutrients
Manuscript received February 26, 1998, in final form March 17, 1998.
Abstract
Seepage of freshwater into the near-bottom layer (ca
100m depth) of the Gdańsk Deep was reported during short-term studies
on the variations of concentration of
chemical compounds and the stratification of this basin.
As a result, the salinity fell to below 1 PSU and the
temperature rose from 5 to ca 7.5oC in this layer; further
consequences were changes in the chemical and
hydrological stratification throughout the water column.
Directly above the area of seepage there was a zone of
powerful turbulent convection where the temperature-salinity
Rayleigh number was of the order of 1016. Large
quantities of suspended matter and poorly oxygenated deep
waters were carried by the convection current from below
the halocline up to the sea surface. This seepage of
groundwaters is probably a continual and not an
intermittent phenomenon.
Short-term changes in the hydrochemical constituents in the water column of the Gdańsk Deep (Baltic Sea) in spring. Part 1. Nutrient and
oxygen concentrations in relation to the density stratification:
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 83–104
Lucyna Falkowska, Dorota Burska, Jerzy Bolałek
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Dorota Roguszczak
Pedagogical University, Słupsk
Keywords: Nutrients, Oxygen, Density, N:P ratio, Gdańsk Deep
Manuscript received February 26, 1998, in final form May 4, 1998.
Abstract
Both the seasonal thermocline in the uppermost layer of
the sea and the halocline in the near-bottom layer were found
to constrain transport of chemical compounds to the productive
layer of the Gdańsk Deep. The occasional disappearance of the
halocline resulted on the one hand in the flow of nitrogen and
phosphorus compounds through the intermediate layer towards
the surface, and on the other in a considerable improvement in
oxygen conditions in the near-bottom layer, this usually being
either poorly oxygenated or anoxic. A statistically
significant negative correlation between nitrate
and oxygen concentrations was found in the isohaline layer.
The N:P ratio was usually low during the day
but increased at night. During spring this
ratio increased in the euphotic layer. The large
number of high N:P ratios may attest to the shortage
of phosphates and to the change in the limiting factor – from
nitrogen compounds in early spring to phosphates in late
spring.
Short-term changes in the hydrochemical constituents in the water column of the Gdańsk Deep (Baltic Sea) in spring. Part 2. Modelling of diel changes in nutrient concentrations in the euphotic layer:
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 105–114
Lucyna Falkowska
Institute of Oceanography, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Keywords: Nutrients, Diel cycle, Non-linear regression, Gdańsk Deep
Manuscript received February 26, 1998, in final form May 4, 1998.
Abstract
The paper deals with the diel fluctuations of nutrient
concentrations and oxygen in the euphotic layer of the Gdańsk
Deep in spring in the years 1989–1996. Using non-linear
regression, these diel variations were modelled under a variety
of typically spring density stratifications: in the absence of
thermal layering, in the presence of a distinct thermocline and
during thermocline formation.
The diel cycle of nutrients in the euphotic layer showed two maxima
and two minima, probably due to variability in photosynthetic
intensity.
Determination of indole-3-acetic acid in sediments of the southern Baltic Sea
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 115–122
Hanna Mazur
Department of Plant Physiology, Gdańsk University, Gdynia
Keywords: Auxin, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), Marine sediments, Southern Baltic
Manuscript received March 27, 1998, in final form May 13, 1998.
Abstract
Analyses of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in sediments
collected at stations in the southern Baltic Sea were carried out by
HPLC. The seasonal variations in IAA content as well as the
relationship between organic matter content and the concentration
of IAA were shown. A decrease in IAA concentration with depth
was observed in the sediment profiles from the Gdańsk Deep, the
Bornholm Deep and Slupsk Furrow.
Antibiotic resistance in marine neustonic and planktonic bacteria
isolated from the Gdańsk Deep
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 123–134
Zbigniew Mudryk, Piotr Skorczewski
Department of Experimental Biology, Pedagogical University, Slupsk
Keywords: Marine bacteria, Antibiotic resistance, Southern Baltic Sea
Manuscript received March 17, 1998, in final form May 11, 1998.
Abstract
This study deals with the antibiotic resistance of
heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the surface and
subsurface water of the Gdańsk Deep. The level of resistance
of bacteria to various antibiotics differed considerably. As a rule,
there were no significant differences in antibiotic resistance between
neustonic and planktonic bacteria. Considerable diel fluctuations in
bacterial antibiotic resistance were found. There were significant
differences between pigmented and non-pigmented bacteria in their
resistance to the tested antibiotics. Bacterial resistance to
antibiotics was dependent on their chemical structure.
Bacteriological investigations of the sandy beach ecosystem in Sopot
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 135–149
Krystyna Olanczuk-Neyman, Katarzyna Jankowska
Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Technical University, Gdańsk
Keywords: Saprophytic bacteria, Indicator bacteria, Sandy beach, Baltic Sea
Manuscript received March 27, 1998, in final form May 18, 1998.
Abstract
The paper presents the results of bacteriological investigations
relating to the coastal seawater and sandy sediments along the beach in Sopot
in an area between the mouths of two streams, Grodowy Potok and Kamienny Potok.
The sandy sediments investigated at four sites along
a transect perpendicular to the shore contained variable numbers of
saprophytic bacteria. In areas close to the littoral zone large numbers of allochthonous
bacteria were found. With increasing distance from the waterline their
domination declines to the advantage of autochthonous bacteria, an indication
of the decreasing influence of anthropogenic pollution.
Communications
Induction of stress proteins in the presence of cadmium
in the Baltic blue mussel Mytilus trossulus
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 151–154
Małgorzata Radłowska, Janusz Pempkowiak
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Keywords: Stress proteins, Mytilus trossulus, Toxicant exposure,
Western blotting
Abstract
The exposure of organisms to environmental stressors affects
the expression levels of certain 'stress proteins' that play an
important role in protein homeostasis and stress tolerance.
Examining the protein profiles by SDS–PAGE and Western
blotting analysis, mussels Mytilus trossulus were exposed to
cadmium, which induced a number of Hsp70 proteins in accordance with
the metal concentrations. In immunodetection two commercial monoclonal
antibodies were used to monitor this response in gill tissue.
It follows that Hsp70, which is typically induced by moderate
heat-shock treatment, is in most cases also induced in the presence of cadmium.
Stress proteins induced by cadmium in the abdominal muscle of the shrimp Crangon crangon
Oceanologia 1998, no. 40 (2), pp. 155–160
Dorota Napierska
Biological Station, Gdańsk University, Sobieszewo
Małgorzata Radłowska
Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sopot
Keywords: Stress proteins, Metallothionein, Cadmium, Immunodetection, Shrimp
Crangon crangon
Abstract
Shrimps were exposed to various concentrations of CdCl2 under
laboratory conditions for 96 h. Abdominal muscles were isolated
from exposed and control animals. The induction of stress
proteins (heat shock proteins of the Hsp70 family and
metallothionein) was detected following polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis in the presence of SDS (SDS–PAGE) and specific
staining (Western blotting method in the case of the Hsp70 or
Coomassie blue and silver staining in the case of
metallothionein). The short-term cadmium poisoning in the
shrimp Crangon crangon resulted in the induction, in
a concentration-dependent manner, of metallothionein and a new protein
with an approximate molecular weight of 70 kDa in abdominal muscle.
This protein was immunologically cross-reactive with the 70 kDa
heat shock protein of the mouse.